MnO2 incorporated Ni-P electrodes were prepared by electroless deposition from a solution containing MnO2 particle suspended by stirring. The electrocatalytic activity of the electrode towards ethanol oxidation found to vary with concentrations of MnO2 particles. The electrode with 10 g/L MnO2 particles exhibited maximum electrocatalytic activity. The optimized electrode had a response time of 14 s and a sensitivity of 8. 6 μ A/ppm cm2. The electrochemical characterization for the catalytic activity was explained by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry. The sensing behavior of the electrode was studied in 0. 2 M NaOH solution containing ethanol using impedance spectroscopy. The maximum rate of ethanol oxidation was observed at its sensing potential.

Electrochemical Production of Mn02 from pyrolusite has been investigated. In contrast to the conventional method, the reduction of pyrolusite to MnO and then acid leaching of Mn(II) is carried out directly in one step using Fe2+ as a rdducing agent in sulfuric acid medium. This method was named reductive leaching. In order to recover more Mn (H) from the ore, the solid residue of leaching process was ground to increase the surface area of particles and the leaching was repeated the total Mn recovered from both steps have been 98% After leaching the MnSO4 solution was purified by controlling the pH and precititation of ions other than Fe2+ as sulfides. γ-MnO2 was produced by electrolysis of acidic solution of MnSO4 with optimizing experimental condition.    

Noun incorporation (NI), a productive word formation process in Persian, creates. complex verbs. The rule applies to the verb and one of its arguments, altering the valiancy of the verb. This paper discusses specifications, formation, types, category, and development of the NI verbs. Furthermore, some tests will be rendered to distinguish the NI verbs from other similar constructions. Complex verbs including NI and compound verbs can be arranged in a continuum indicating the prototypes at the two extremes.

Noun incorporation (NI) is argued to result from head movement in which the head of an object Noun Phrase moves into the verb creating a Complex Verb (CV) or from word formation rules applying in the lexicon. This paper, argues that NT and CV are not unrelated processes, but points on the same continuum. The paper also argues that neither Baker's (1988) syntactic approach nor Rosen's (1989) lexical approach which does not pay enough attention to semantic and pragmatic aspects of the process can account for NI in Persian. The study indicates that incorporation in Persian is of various types, such as N+V , V + Compound V, N+PP+V, N+PP+ CV and PP+ V.

This research introduces a new method for the synthesis of composite granules. The major advantage of this composite granules is absorbing ion of undesirable elements from the flowing waters or wastes as well as being applied for removal of environmental pollution, specially 137Cs as one of the well-known elements which being released in the environment during nuclear accidents. MnO2-PAN is the new granular which was synthesized in this study. Some characteristics of the compound such as morphology and crystal structure were evaluated in various ways. The impact of important elements such as interfering ions in the uptake of cesium under various temperature and various cations was evaluated. It was shown that the synthetized adsorbent follows the Freundlich relations and performing as a multi-layer separation. Due to the porous structure and homogeneous distribution in the cross-manganese dioxide absorbent, the performance of granular synthesis for absorption of radionuclide cesium is good.

A Polyaniline/Manganese dioxide (PANI/MnO2) nanocomposite contains five weight percentages of MnO2. It has been successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. The structural, optical, and conductivity of nanocomposites remain relative to changes with respect to the weight percentage of MnO2. The structural, morphological, optical, and electrical conductivity investigation of pure MnO2, pure PANI, and nanocomposites were done with powder XRD, HRTEM, SEM, FT-IR, UV and Impedance spectra. XRD results of the PANI/ MnO2 nanocomposites say that the crystalline structure is converted into a very less crystalline structure due to the incorporation of MnO2 which is inside PANI chain. The HRTEM and SEM images are confirmed to the nanocomposite formation, morphology studies and also supported to the XRD results. From the optical spectra, MnO2 nanoparticles have been impressed in the surface of PANI. It works as the compensator in the formation of nanocomposites. UV spectral analysis reveals that the absorption of MnO2 modifies the absorption wavelength of under visible light in whole range. The absorption wavelength of nanocomposites is 288 nm and 337 nm. AC electrical conductivity of the prepared nanocomposites from impedance spectroscopy was carried out and compared with pure materials. The AC conductivity of as-prepared nanocomposites has been analyzed in the range of 298 K to 423 K. The AC conductivity of nanocomposites varies depending upon a change of logarithmic frequency.